| FilmTracer™ calcein red-orange AM applied to a Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm. The esterase substrate
FilmTracer™ calcein red-orange AM appears to stain all of the bacteria in the biofilm, suggesting that the bacteria
are all actively producing esterase. The image was obtained using a Leica TCS-SP2 AOBS confocal microscope with a
63X/0.9 NA water immersion objective.
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FilmTracer™ calcein violet AM applied to a Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm. The esterase substrate
FilmTracer™ calcein violet AM appears to stain all of the bacteria in the biofilm, suggesting that the bacteria are
all actively producing esterase. The image was obtained using a Leica TCS-SP2 AOBS confocal microscope with a
63X/0.9 NA water immersion objective, and a Spectra-Physics Mai Tai® two-photon confocal microscope.
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FM® 1-43 applied to a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. FM® 1-43 appears to bind to the cell membrane,
and has been shown to work equally well on Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia
coli, exhibiting exceptional cell specificity in each case. The image was obtained using a Leica TCS-SP2 AOBS confocal
microscope and a 63×/0.9 NA water immersion objective.
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